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1 marge
marge [maʀʒ]1. feminine nouna. [de feuille] margin• des réunions se sont déroulées en marge de la conférence fringe meetings took place during the conferenceb. ( = latitude) il y a de la marge (du temps) there's time to spare ; (de l'espace) there's plenty of room ; (de l'argent) there's enough left over• c'est une taille 42, j'ai de la marge ! it's size 14, it's easily big enough for me!2. compounds* * *maʀʒ
1.
1) ( espace) marginmarge de gauche/du bas — left/bottom margin
2) ( écart) leewayle train n'est qu'à midi, on a de la marge — the train isn't until midday, we've got plenty of leeway
3) ( latitude) scopetu devrais me laisser plus de marge de décision — you should give me more scope for making decisions
4) ( profit) ( écart) profit margin; ( pourcentage) mark-up
2.
en marge de locution prépositive1) ( à l'écart)2) ( parallèlement)•Phrasal Verbs:* * *maʀʒ nf1) (sur une page) margin2) figen marge de [la société] — on the fringe of, [mouvement, tendance] on the fringes of
marge bénéficiaire — profit margin, mark-up
marge de manœuvre — room for manoeuvre, room to manoeuvre
* * *A nf1 Imprim ( espace) margin; marge de gauche/droite/du haut/bas left/right/top/bottom margin; laisser/tracer une marge de 4 cm à gauche to leave/to rule a margin of 4 cm on the left of the page; annoter un texte dans la or en marge to make notes on a text in the margin;2 ( écart) leeway; on a 10 minutes de marge pour changer de train we've got 10 minutes ou 10 minutes' leeway to change trains; le train n'est qu'à midi, on a de la marge the train isn't until midday, we've got plenty of leeway; tu peux mettre ta valise, il y a de la marge you can put your suitcase in, there's plenty of room; se sentir en marge to feel like an outsider;3 ( latitude) scope; tu devrais me laisser plus de marge d'autonomie/plus de marge de décision you should give ou allow me more autonomy/more scope for making decisions; leur marge d'action est faible or étroite they have very little room for manoeuvre GB ou maneuver US; ne disposer d'aucune marge d'initiative to have no scope to use one's initiative;4 Comm ( profit) ( écart) profit margin; ( pourcentage) mark-up; avoir une faible marge to have a small profit margin.B en marge de loc prép1 ( à l'écart) vivre en marge de la société to live on the fringes of society; vivre en marge de la loi to live outside the law; certains pays craignent de rester en marge de l'Europe some countries are afraid they will remain on the periphery of Europe;2 ( parallèlement) les chefs d'État se sont rencontrés en marge de la conférence the heads of state met outside the conference proper; en marge de la réunion, le président a déclaré à la presse outside the meeting, the president told the press; deux protocoles ont été signés en marge de l'accord de septembre two treaties were signed alongside September's agreement; en marge des cérémonies officielles alongside the official celebrations.marge bénéficiaire profit margin; marge brute gross profit; marge brute d'autofinancement, MBA cash flow; marge commerciale gross profit; marge continentale continental shelf; marge d'erreur margin of error; marge de fluctuation margin of fluctuation, fluctuation band; marge de garantie margin; marge de liberté degree of freedom; marge de manœuvre room for manoeuvre GB ou maneuver US; marge de sécurité safety margin; marge de tolérance tolerance margin.[marʒ] nom féminin1. [espace blanc] marginmarge intérieure back ou inside ou inner marginmarge de tête head ou top marginprévoir une marge d'erreur de 15 cm/de 100 euros to allow for a margin of error of 15 cm/of 100 eurosje vous donne 2 m de tissu/2 mois, comme ça, vous avez de la marge I'll give you 2 m of cloth/2 months, that'll be more than enough3. COMMERCEmarge commerciale gross profit ou margin————————en marge locution adjectivale[original] fringe (modificateur)un artiste en marge an unconventional ou a fringe artist————————en marge locution adverbiale1. [d'une feuille de papier] in the margin2. [à l'écart]vivre en marge to live on the fringe ou fringes (of society)en marge de locution prépositionnellevivre en marge de la société to live on the fringe ou margin ou edge of societyles événements en marge de l'histoire footnotes to history, marginal events in history -
2 Avignon
Avignon npr Avignon; le Festival d'Avignon the Avignon TheatreGB Festival.ⓘ Festival d'Avignon A theatre festival which takes place every July in Avignon. Inaugurated in 1947, it also features contemporary dance, music and cinema. As well as the official festival, known as le festival ‘in', there are a large number of fringe events, collectively known as le festival ‘off'.[aviɲɔ̃] nom propreà ou en Avignon in AvignonFounded by Jean Vilar in 1947 and held every summer in and around Avignon in the South of France, this arts festival is a showcase for new theatre and dance performances: sa nouvelle pièce sera d'abord donnée à/en Avignon. -
3 parallèle
parallèle [paʀalεl]1. adjectiveb. ( = non officiel) [marché, police, économie] unofficial ; [société, médecine] alternativec. ( = indépendant) [circuit] parallel ; [vie] separate2. feminine noun3. masculine noun* * *
I
1. paʀalɛl1) [lignes, plans] parallel (à to)en parallèle à — ( distinctement) in parallel with; ( semblablement) similarly to
3) ( en marge) [marché, police] unofficial; [médecine, éducation] alternative; [monde, univers] parallel
2.
nom masculin1) ( comparaison) parallel2) Géographie parallel
II paʀalɛlnom féminin Mathématique parallel line* * *paʀalɛl1. adj1) (ligne, barres) parallel2) (économie, marché) parallel3) (police) unofficial4) (société) alternative2. nm1) (= comparaison)faire un parallèle entre; dresser un parallèle entre — to draw a parallel between
Il a fait un parallèle entre ces deux événements. — He drew a parallel between the two events.
2) GÉOGRAPHIE parallel3. nf(= ligne) parallel, parallel line* * *A adj1 [lignes, plans] parallel (à to); la rue est parallèle au fleuve the street runs parallel to the river;2 ( distinct) parallel; ( semblable) similar; en parallèle à ( distinctement) in parallel with; ( semblablement) similarly to; organiser un concours/une manifestation parallèle to organize a parallel competition/demonstration; nos concurrents ont suivi une démarche parallèle our competitors took similar steps;3 ( en marge) [marché, police] unofficial; [médecine, éducation] alternative; [monde, univers] parallel; mener une activité parallèle ( comme dérivatif) to have an activity as a sideline; ( en fraude) to have a sideline;4 Ordinat parallel; traitement/imprimante parallèle parallel processing/printer.B nm1 ( comparaison) parallel; établir or dresser un parallèle to draw a parallel (entre between); mettre deux événements en parallèle to draw a parallel between two events;2 Géog parallel;3 Électrotech en parallèle in parallel.C nf Math parallel line.[paralɛl] adjectif3. [non officiel - festival] unofficial, fringe (modificateur) ; [ - marché, transaction] unofficial ; [ - police] unofficial, secret————————[paralɛl] nom masculin2. [comparaison] parallel————————[paralɛl] nom féminin————————en parallèle locution adverbiale1. [en balance]mettre deux faits en parallèle to draw a parallel between ou to compare two facts
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